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Prostaglandins and Medicine, 1978 Dec;1(6):499-505 The authors discuss the bronchoconstriction caused by tartrazine (Yellow 5) in people who are aspirin-sensitive, as well as its effect on the prostaglandin system of guinea pig lungs. They found that the dye inhibits formation … Continue reading
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Annals of Allergy, 1977. Mar;38(3): 206-10 In this paper, Lockey describes the battery of tests he had developed to determine sensitivity to food additives and analgesics, which he says can make symptoms of asthma and chronic urticaria (hives) worse. MedLine … Continue reading
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Annals of Allergy 1977 Jul;39(1):28-37 This is an early review of the combination of asthma, nasal pathology and intolerance to aspirin as a “unique syndrome” with a tendency for diabetes as well as a prolongation of bleeding time. Abrishami mentions … Continue reading
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Clinical Allergy. 1976 Mar;6(2): 119-29. In this study, Stenius and Lemola used far less of tartrazine (Yellow 5) and aspirin than what a person may normally ingest, and had to overcome chronic medication as well (see NOTES below). Nevertheless, they … Continue reading
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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1975. Sep;56(3): 215-21 The authors presented their evidence that in aspirin intolerance there are two mechanisms – one causing bronchospasm (breathing difficulty such as in asthma) and the other causing urticaria (hives). They also … Continue reading
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International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2005 Feb;42(2):229-41 In this review, it is noted that deficiencies in cholesterol, tryptophan (an amino acid), protein, iron, or zinc are each connected to an increase in aggression as well as cognitive and behavior problems. … Continue reading
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British Journal of Psychiatry (2002), 181,22–28 This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study of 231 young adult prisoners. They were given nutritional supplements used in England, and their disciplinary offenses before and after were compared. QUOTE: “Conclusions: Antisocial behaviour … Continue reading
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Pharmacological Research, 1999. Sep;40 (3):211-25 DHA and EPA are long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. This review lists the many benefits of these as well as the effects of a deficiency in both infants and adults. QUOTE: “… deficiencies of DHA are … Continue reading
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Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 1998, Jan-Mar;33(1):49-60 This was a small study of 17 children, some on medications and some not. During the study, some of those on medication had their meds reduced by half and some did not. For … Continue reading
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Physiology & Behavior 2015, Jan. 138:179-87. This is a small study showing that autism is both genetic and environmental. The more “bad” microbes in the gut, the worse the autism, and probiotics helped. QUOTE: “This pilot study suggests the role … Continue reading
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Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2015. 21 Suppl 1:52-62. During the past 50 years, the amount of synthetic dye used in foods has increased by 500%. At the same time, there has been an alarming rise in behavioral problems … Continue reading
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Clinical Pediatrics, 2016 Oct; 55(12): 1113-1119. In this study, 810 products commonly marketed to children and found in a local grocery store were evaluated. 43.2% of them contained artificial food colors (AFC), mostly Red 40, Blue 1, Yellow 5, and … Continue reading
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Acta Alimentaria, 43(2), 344-359. QUOTE: “Given that it is now well-known that autistic patients tend to be PST-deficient, causal link between a low-salicylate diet and the mitigation of symptom-severity seems a rather plausible hypothesis.” QUOTE: “It is quite apparent from … Continue reading
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Clinical Pediatrics, 2015 Apr;54(4):309-21, e-published April 24, 2014 Numerous foods and candies were purchased from local stores and processed to measure the amount of food dyes actually in them. Several comprehensive tables provide the details, but below is a sample: Some … Continue reading
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Clinical Pediatrics, 2014. Feb; 53(2): 133-40. The amount of food dyes certified over the years has increased more than 5-fold since 1950 (12 mg/capita/day) to 2012 (68 mg/capita/day). Studies that used 50 mg or more of food dyes showed a … Continue reading
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Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 2014 May;55(5):416-27. The author compares 3 kinds of studies for treatment of ADHD – restricted elimination diets (RED), artificial food colour elimination (AFCE), and essential fatty acid (e.g. fish oil) supplements (SFFA). He concludes … Continue reading
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2014 Jul;23(7):519-29. Verlaet discusses the common causes of GI problems, asthma, eczema, ear infections, and ADHD – involving both genes, immunity, and inflammation. An immune imbalance can be related to food provoking ADHD-like behavior. Food … Continue reading
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Eastern Michigan University Master’s Theses. 2013. Bell counted number of exposures to food dye, not the actual amounts of dye, consumed, and she found that children are exposed to food dyes at least twice as much as adults. She also … Continue reading
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Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013 Jun;56:145-8. In a study of rats, the authors found that exposing them to food dyes before birth changed the expression of certain receptors when they grew up. The particular receptors (NMDAR and nAChR) are involved … Continue reading
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Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2013. Aug; 29(7): 616-23. Doguc, Ceyhan, Ozturk, Gultekin In this study, pregnant rats were given the ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) amounts of the following food dyes by mouth, continuing to do so after the babies were … Continue reading
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The Medical Journal of Australia, 2013. Jun 17; 198(11): 600-2. Gray was treating patients who had tried the low-salicylate diet (called the FAILSAFE diet) used in Australia, which is more restrictive than the Feingold diet, eliminating both more of the … Continue reading
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JMED Research, Vol. 2013 (2013) This is a review of the studies about MSG and its influence on different systems in humans. Effects of injected MSG into rats included neuron damage, and prefrontal cerebral cortex changes, but such tests cannot … Continue reading
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American Journal of Psychiatry, 2013. March. 170(3): 275-89. This paper is a review of dietary and psychological treatments for ADHD. QUOTE (Conclusion): “Free fatty acid supplementation and artificial food color exclusions appear to have beneficial effects on ADHD symptoms, although … Continue reading
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Nutrition Review, 2013 May;71(5):268-81. Stevens reviews the research on mechanisms by which food dyes and common foods may cause behavioral changes in children with and without ADHD. The three potential mechanisms are toxicological, antinutritional, and hypersensitivity. Suggestions for future studies … Continue reading
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We already know too much sugar is bad for you ………but ARTIFICIAL sugar may be worse. Click on the picture to see a short but important video from an article in TIME Related studies: (Get password) Azad 2016 — Association … Continue reading
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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013 Jan 4;6:344. This is a review of evidence suggesting that a gluten-free diet, a casein-free diet (or both) are helpful for people on the autism spectrum. QUOTE: “Although not wholly affirmative, the majority of published … Continue reading
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Neurotherapeutics. 2012 Jul;9(3):599-609. Arnold reviews the history of the effects of artificial food colors (AFC) on ADHD and the testimony to the 2011 FDA Food Advisory Committee. Arnold discusses possible biological mechanisms such as the effects of food dyes on … Continue reading
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Pediatrics, 2012 Feb;129(2): 330-7. Millichap says his article is a comprehensive overview of the role of diet for treatment of children with ADHD “when pharmacotherapy has proven unsatisfactory or unacceptable.” He promises to talk about new research. Unfortunately, he falls … Continue reading
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Lebanese American University, Masters Thesis 2012 In a project for her Masters Degree in Education, Linda Saab performed a case study on a 9 year old boy in Beirut who was diagnosed with ADHD. Although he was observed for 5 … Continue reading
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Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012 Jan;120(1):1-5. Dr. Weiss examines the basis of the FDA’s position on food dyes, the decision of the Food Advisory Committee, and the reasons that this is an environmental health issue He points out that they limited … Continue reading
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011. 20 (9), 431-2. Concerned about the enormous increase in use of psychostimulant drugs such as Ritalin, the authors of this editorial discuss the research supporting the use of other options. In particular, they find … Continue reading
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Journal of American Science, 2011; 7 (6): 1211-1218. This paper from Egypt describes a double-blind controlled study on rats to determine the behavioral effects of long-term exposure to various doses of tartrazine (E102, Yellow 5) provided in the drinking water … Continue reading
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The Lancet, 2011. Feb 5;377 (9764): 494-503 This is a study of 100 children diagnosed with ADHD but not selected on any basis of expectation of a dietary effect. The children were randomly assigned to an experimental diet group and … Continue reading
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Clinical Pediatrics (Phila), 2011. Apr; 50(4): 279-93. In their review of the literature, Stevens et al conclude that the evidence indicates that a diet free of food dyes is appropriate for “children who have not responded satisfactorily to conventional treatment, … Continue reading
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European Journal of Pediatrics, 2010 Sep;169(9): 1129-38. The 27 children in the Pelsser 2009 study were also evaluated for the effect of their diet condition on their sleep problems and other physical complaints. Such complaints included headaches, bellyaches, unusual thirst, … Continue reading
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American Journal of Psychiatry. 2010 Sep;167(9): 1108-15 Stevenson analyzed the reactions of children in the McCann (2007) study to see why not all children react to additives in the same way. He found that variation in several genes that control … Continue reading
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2009 Jan;18(1):12-9. In a randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands, 27 children were assigned either to an elimination diet or to a “waiting list” control group for 5 weeks, beginning after a 2-week “baseline” diet … Continue reading
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Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2008. Jan-Feb; 14(1): 79-85. This is a review of literature available in 2008. The authors say many of the studies link exposure to toxins such as mercury, lead, and pesticides, as well as prenatal … Continue reading
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Prescrire International, 2009. Oct; 18(103): 215 (no author listed) In a health assessment of artificial food dyes, Prescrire International, a non-profit organization providing information and continuing education for healthcare professionals, considers the hypothesis that artificial food dyes worsen hyperactivity symptoms … Continue reading
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Lancet, September 6, 2007 As a followup to the earlier Bateman (2004) study, the authors retested 153 toddlers as well as 144 elementary school (8/9 years old) children from the general population. They were briefly put on a dye-free … Continue reading
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Food Additives & Contaminants, 2006. Mar; 23(3): 245-51. Husain evaluated the amount of food dyes consumed by children in 58 schools in Kuwait, and found that the amounts of four of the colors were 4 to 8 times above the … Continue reading
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Allergology International, 2006. Jun; 55(2):203-5. This is a case report about a 5-year-old girl in Japan with multiple recurrent problems: urticaria (hives), angioedema (swelling), headaches, dyspnea (shortness of breath), loss of consciousness, and abdominal pain. Her symptoms were made worse … Continue reading
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Toxicological Sciences. 2006 Mar; 90(1):178-87. This is one of the few studies examining and comparing the neurotoxic activity of food additives alone and in combination. After determining how much of each additive reduces neurite development by 20%, Lau combined pairs … Continue reading
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American Journal of Public Health, 2006. Oct;96(10):1815-20 The authors surveyed almost 5,500 students in 10th grade to see how many sugar-containing soft drinks they consumed per day and to assess their mental health and conduct. AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS: “High consumption levels … Continue reading
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Journal of Attention Disorders, 2006. Nov;10(2):200-4. Because several studies had reported a possible association of celiac disease (CD) and ADHD symptoms, the authors evaluated 132 participants diagnosed with CD – both children and adults – for ADHD symptoms before they … Continue reading
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Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2004 Jun;89(6):506-11. The authors put 277 3-year-old children from the general population on a diet without artificial food dyes or benzoate preservatives for a week, and then challenged them at various times with a drink … Continue reading
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Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 2004 Dec;25(6):423-34. Searching 10 databases for double-blind placebo-controlled trials on the effects of artificial food dyes, Schab and Trinh found 15 that met their criteria. QUOTE: “Our meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that AFCs (artificial … Continue reading
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Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2002. Aug;38(4):373-6 In Australia, 27 children whose behavior had improved on the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital diet were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled test of the bread preservative calcium propionate (preservative code 282). More … Continue reading
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Nederlandsch tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 2002, Dec 28;146(52):2543-7. 36 boys and 4 girls, diagnosed with ADHD, were put on an oligoantigenic (few foods – rice, turkey, pear and lettuce) diet for two weeks. 9 children (23%) withdrew from the study because of … Continue reading
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Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine , Vol.8, No.1, Mar.1998, pp.77-83 All 9 children with disruptive and/or criminal behavior in this study were found to have a number of food allergies or intolerances and mineral imbalances, particularly zinc. Three also … Continue reading
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Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis, 1998;44:297-314 Deficiencies of magnesium, copper, zinc, calcium, and iron occur more in children with ADHD, and magnesium deficiency is the most frequent. Starobrat-Hermelin studied a group of 110 hyperactive children who also had a variety … Continue reading
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Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, Vol.7, No.4 Dec 1997 pp.359-366 About 75% of persistent young offenders have behaviors linked to food sensitivity and nutrition problems; only 18% of young non-offenders have such problems. MedLine || Full Text || Get Password
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997. Jun;6(2):88-95. Fig. 1 Study design Schmidt compared the effectiveness of an oligoantigenic (few foods) diet with Ritalin for hyperactive disruptive children (today called conduct disorder). 44% responded to Ritalin while 24% responded equally well … Continue reading
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European Journal of Pediatrics, 1997. Jul;156(7):557-61. Uhlig carried out EEG brain mapping on 15 children with food-induced ADHD, both when they were on their diet and when they had been given provoking foods. Consuming the provoking foods caused a significant … Continue reading
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Food Additives and Contaminants, 1996. Jan;13(1):5-11 In this lab study, 11 artificial food dyes – not all of them used in the US — were tested to determine their effect on the mitochondria of rat liver and kidney. NOTE: Mitochondria … Continue reading
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Annals of Allergy, May 1994, Vol. 72, pp. 462-8. 73% of 26 children with ADHD responded favorably to a diet eliminating reactive foods and artificial colors. 16 of the improved children were given a double blind challenge with 100 mg … Continue reading
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Journal of Pediatrics, November 1994, Vol. 135, pp.691-8 150 of 200 children [75%] improved on an open trial of a diet free of synthetic food coloring, and deteriorated upon introduction of foods containing synthetic colorings. 34 other “clear” or “suspected” … Continue reading
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Archives of Disease in Childhood, November 1993, Vol. 69 (5), pp.564-8 59 of 78 children (75.6%) referred for “hyperactive behavior” improved on an open trial of an elimination diet. 19 of them were studied in a placebo-controlled double-blind challenge protocol. … Continue reading
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Clinical Pediatrics (Phila) 1992 May;31(5):302-7. 21 children with migraine and/or hyperkinetic behavior disorder also had daytime or nighttime enuresis (wetting). Use of an oligoantigenic (few-foods) diet controlled their migraine and/or hyperkinesis, and for 76% of them the diet also stopped … Continue reading
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Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica 1992 Jan-Feb;14(1):39-42 The author describes two cases of reactions to the food additives tartrazine (Yellow 5) and benzoates involving mainly the central nervous system (headache, migraine, overactivity, concentration and learning difficulties, depression) and joints (arthralgias), confirmed … Continue reading
